-
1 Cookworthy, William
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1705 Kings bridge, Devon, Englandd. 16 October 1780 Plymouth, England[br]English pioneer of porcelain manufacture in England.[br]The family fortunes having been extinguished by the South Sea Bubble of 1720, Cookworthy and his brother had to fend for themselves. They set up, and succeeded, in the pharmacy trade. At the age of 31, however, William left the business, and after a period of probation he became a minister in the Society of Friends. In a letter of 5 May 1745, Cookworthy mentions some samples of kaolin and china or growan stone that had been brought to him from Virginia. He found similar materials at Treginning Hill in Cornwall, and between 1755 and 1758 he found sufficiently pure china clay and china stone to make a pure white porcelain. Cookworthy took out a patent for his discovery in 1768 which covered the manufacture of porcelain from moonstone or growan and growan clay, with a glaze made from china stone to which lime and fern ash or magnesia alba (basic carbonate of magnesium) were added. Cookworthy's experiments had been carried out on the property of Lord Camelford, who later assisted him, in the company of other Quakers, in setting up a works at Coxside, Plymouth, to manufacture the ware; the works employed between fifty and sixty people. In the absence of coal, Cookworthy resorted to wood as fuel, but this was scarce, so in 1770 he transferred his operation to Castle Green, Bristol. However, he had no greater success there, and in 1773 he sold the entire interest in porcelain manufacture to Richard Champion (1743–91), although Cookworthy and his heirs were to receive royalties for ninety-nine years. Champion, who had been working with Cookworthy since 1764 and was active in Bristol city affairs, continued the firm as Richard Champion \& Co., but when in 1775 Champion tried to renew Cookworthy's patent, Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters challenged him. After litigation, the use of kaolin and china stone was thrown open to general use. The Staffordshire potters made good use of this new-found freedom and Champion was forced to sell the patent to them and dispose of his factory the following year. The potters of Staffordshire said of Cookworthy, "the greatest service ever conferred by one person on the pottery manufacturers is that of making them acquainted with china clay".[br]Further ReadingW.Harrison, 1854, Memoir of William Cookworthy by His Grandson, London. F.S.Mackenna, 1946, Cookworthy's Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain, Leigh on Sea: Lewis.A.D.Selleck, 1978, Cookworthy 1705–80 and his Circle, privately published.LRD -
2 Domestic appliances and interiors
Biographical history of technology > Domestic appliances and interiors
См. также в других словарях:
Cookworthy, William — ▪ English porcelain manufacturer born April 12, 1705, Kingsbridge, Devonshire, Eng. died Oct. 17, 1780, Plymouth, Devonshire china manufacturer who first produced an English true hard paste porcelain similar to that of the Chinese and… … Universalium
William Cookworthy — (* 12. April 1705 in Kingsbridge, Devon, England; † 17. Oktober 1780 in Plymouth) war ein englischer Apotheker, Chemiker und Erfinder. Er gilt als Pionier sowohl der Kaolin Industrie in Cornwall und Devon als auch der … Deutsch Wikipedia
William Cookworthy — Infobox Scientist name = William Cookworthy box width = image width =150px caption = William Cookworthy birth date = 12 April, 1705 birth place = Kingsbridge, Devon death date = 17 October, 1780 death place = residence = citizenship = nationality … Wikipedia
pottery — /pot euh ree/, n., pl. potteries. 1. ceramic ware, esp. earthenware and stoneware. 2. the art or business of a potter; ceramics. 3. a place where earthen pots or vessels are made. [1475 85; POTTER1 + Y3] * * * I One of the oldest and most… … Universalium
List of people from Plymouth — People from the English city of Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners.[1] The definition of Janner is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval… … Wikipedia
Bristol ware — ▪ porcelain hard paste porcelain products of the Coxside porcelain manufactory that were produced between 1768 and 1781. The Coxside porcelain concern, the first factory to manufacture hard paste porcelain in England, was started in… … Universalium
Plymouth porcelain — ▪ pottery first hard paste, or true, porcelain made in England, produced at a factory in Plymouth, Devon, from 1768 to 1770. Formulated by a chemist, William Cookworthy (Cookworthy, William), it is distinguishable from the Bristol porcelain … Universalium
Plymouth porcelain — was a hard paste porcelain made in the English county of Devon in the 18th century [See Cookworthy s Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain by F.Severne Mackenna(1947) published by F.Lewis and William Cookworthy 1705 1780: a study of the pioneer of true… … Wikipedia
Bristol blue glass — has been made in Bristol, England since the 17th century. History During the late 1700s Richard Champion, a Bristol merchant and potter, making porcelain, was working with a chemist, William Cookworthy. [cite web… … Wikipedia
Silvanus Bevan — (1691 8 June 1765) was born into a prosperous Welsh Quaker family. He left Swansea as a young man and moved to Cheapside, in London. He obtained his Freedom from the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries in 1715 having served his seven years’… … Wikipedia
Porcelain — Fine China redirects here. For the band, see Fine China (band). This article is about the ceramic material. For other uses, see Porcelain (disambiguation). Chinese moon flask, 1723 35, Qing Dynasty … Wikipedia